Composición de especies y patrones de coexistencia de ensamblajes de hormigas en Coccoloba uvifera de dos playas arenosas

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Jorge Luis Fontenla

Resumen

Las hormigas constituyen uno de los grupos animales más importantes en cuanto a biomasa y abundancia local y han sido poco estudiadas en sistemas de dunas costeras. El arbusto Coccoloba uvifera suministra refugio y recursos, tales como néctar, frutos, “miel de rocío” de insectos escamas, y la hojarasca suministra materia orgánica y retiene humedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la composición de especies y patrones de coexistencia en ensamblajes de hormigas en dos playas arenosas de la costa norte del occidente de Cuba. Durante los años 2017-2018, se determinaron 21 especies de hormigas en 240 parcelas de 1x1m en Playas del Este y 13 especies en 80 parcelas en Playa Varadero, para un total de 23 especies. Las especies más frecuentes fueron Wasmannia auropunctata, Pheidole megacephala y Paratrechina longicornis. Los grupos funcionales predominantes fueron omnívoros-dominantes de suelo y vegetación, y oportunistas de suelo y vegetación. Ambos ensamblajes mostraron proporciones equivalentes de especies compartidas y valores similares en riqueza de especies y diversidad, pero sí en equitabilidad y proporción de la especie más frecuente.  Se obtuvo un patrón general de anidamiento significativo de la composición de especies. El patrón de coexistencia y el número combinaciones de especies a través de las parcelas fueron menores que los esperados al azar. Las asociaciones espaciales negativas más intensas correspondieron al par Pheidole megacephala-Wasmannia auropunctata, y las asociaciones positivas más intensas a los pares Paratrechina longicornis - Dorymyrmex pyramicus y Paratrechina longicornis - Brachymyrmex obscurior. Se concluye que ambos ensamblajes exhibieron estructura ecológica similar.

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FontenlaJ. L. (2020). Composición de especies y patrones de coexistencia de ensamblajes de hormigas en Coccoloba uvifera de dos playas arenosas. Poeyana, (511). Recuperado a partir de http://revistas.geotech.cu/index.php/poey/article/view/338
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