Composición de especies y patrones de coexistencia de ensamblajes de hormigas en Coccoloba uvifera de dos playas arenosas
Barra lateral del artículo
Publicado:
Jul 1, 2020
Palabras clave:
anidamiento espacial, asociaciones negativas, Cuba, grupos funcionales
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Las hormigas constituyen uno de los grupos animales más importantes en cuanto a biomasa y abundancia local y han sido poco estudiadas en sistemas de dunas costeras. El arbusto Coccoloba uvifera suministra refugio y recursos, tales como néctar, frutos, “miel de rocío” de insectos escamas, y la hojarasca suministra materia orgánica y retiene humedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la composición de especies y patrones de coexistencia en ensamblajes de hormigas en dos playas arenosas de la costa norte del occidente de Cuba. Durante los años 2017-2018, se determinaron 21 especies de hormigas en 240 parcelas de 1x1m en Playas del Este y 13 especies en 80 parcelas en Playa Varadero, para un total de 23 especies. Las especies más frecuentes fueron Wasmannia auropunctata, Pheidole megacephala y Paratrechina longicornis. Los grupos funcionales predominantes fueron omnívoros-dominantes de suelo y vegetación, y oportunistas de suelo y vegetación. Ambos ensamblajes mostraron proporciones equivalentes de especies compartidas y valores similares en riqueza de especies y diversidad, pero sí en equitabilidad y proporción de la especie más frecuente. Se obtuvo un patrón general de anidamiento significativo de la composición de especies. El patrón de coexistencia y el número combinaciones de especies a través de las parcelas fueron menores que los esperados al azar. Las asociaciones espaciales negativas más intensas correspondieron al par Pheidole megacephala-Wasmannia auropunctata, y las asociaciones positivas más intensas a los pares Paratrechina longicornis - Dorymyrmex pyramicus y Paratrechina longicornis - Brachymyrmex obscurior. Se concluye que ambos ensamblajes exhibieron estructura ecológica similar.
Detalles del artículo
Cómo citar
FontenlaJ. L. (2020). Composición de especies y patrones de coexistencia de ensamblajes de hormigas en Coccoloba uvifera de dos playas arenosas. Poeyana, (511). Recuperado a partir de http://revistas.geotech.cu/index.php/poey/article/view/338
Sección
Artículo Original
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0.
Los resultados publicados en la revista Poeyana se presentan bajo la Creative Commons Attribution License, que permite a cualquier lector hacer un uso libre de estos mientras refiera la fuente. No debe, por tanto, incluirse ningún material que no pueda ser publicado bajo estos términos, por ejemplo, fotografías con Copyright. Todos los datos o materiales extraídos de un trabajo escrito por otra persona, se deben identificar con claridad y atribuirse a sus autores, aunque no se hayan publicado o no se hayan citado palabra por palabra.
Citas
Aisling J. D., J. M. Baetens and B. de Baets. 2018. Ecological Diversity: Measuring the unmeasurable. Mathematics 6: 119. Doi:10.3390/math6070119.
Álvarez, A. and N. Ricardo. 2011. Flora y vegetación de Playas del Este, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba II. La vegetación de las dunas. Acta Botánica Cubana 210: 35-44.
Armbrecht, I. and P. Ulloa-Chacon. 2003. The Little Fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as a Diversity Indicator of Ants in Tropical Dry Forest Fragments of Colombia. Environmental Entomology 32: 542-547.
Bharti, H., M. Bharti and M. Pfeiffer. 2016. Ants as bioindicators of ecosystem health in Shivalik Mountains of Himalayas: assesment of species diversity and invasive species. Asian Myrmecology 8: 1-15.
Bertelsmeier, C. A., O. Avril, H. Blight, H. Jourdan and F. Courchamp. 2015a. Discovery-dominance trade-off among invasive ant species. Ecology and Evolution 5: 2673-2683.
Bertelsmeier, C. A., O. Avril, A. Bilgth, L. Confais, H. Diez, J. Jourdan, N. Orivel and F. Courchamp. 2015b. Different behavioral strategies among seven highly invasive ant species. Biological Invasions 17: 2491-2503.
Bertelsmeier, C., O. Bligth and F. Courchamp. 2016. Invasions of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in light of global change. Myrmecological News 22: 25-42.
Brandão, C.R.F., R.R. Silva, and J.H.C. Delabie. 2012. Neotropical ants (Hymenoptera) functional groups: nutritional and applied implications Pp. 213-236. In: Insect bioecology and nutrition for integrated pest management (A. R. Panizzi, J. R. P. Parra, Eds.). CRC, Boca Raton.
Camarota, F., S. A. Powell, S. Mello, G. R. Priest, J. Marquis and H. L. Vascocelos. 2016. Co-occurrence patterns in a diverse arboreal ant community are explained more by competition than habitat requirements Ecology and Evolution 6: 8907–8918.
Castracani, C., Spoutti F. A. and Grasso D. A. 2014. A new exception to the dominance-discovery trade-off rule in ant communities. Journal of Zoology 97: 171-175.
Chao, A. and T.J. Shen. 2009. Program Spade (Species prediction and diversity estimation). Available in http://chao.stat.nthu.edu.tw/software. Last access: September 17 of 2019.
Chen, X., B. Adams, C. Bergeron, A. Sabo and L. Hooper-Bui. 2015. Ant community structure and response to disturbances on coastal dunes of Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Insect Conservation 19: 1-13.
Chen, X., B. Adams, A. Sabo, T. Crupi and L. Hooper-Bui. 2016. Ant assemblages and co-occurrence patterns in Cypress-Tupelo Swamp. Wetlands DOI 10.1007/s13157-016-0795-y.
Croc, S., J. H. C. Delabie, F. Fernández, M. Leponce, J. Oribel, R. Silvestre, H. S. Vasconcelos and A. Dejean. 2014. Leaf-litter ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a pristine Guianese rainforest: stable functional structure versus high species turnover. Myrmecological News 19: 43-51.
Cupul-Magaña, F. G. 2006. Registro de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en un remanente de dunas costeras de Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México. Ciencia y Mar X: 25-31.
Del Toro, I., R. R Silva and A. M. Ellison. 2015. Predicted impacts of climatic change on ant functional diversity and distributions in Eastern North American forests. Diversity and Distribution 21: 781-791.
Fayle, T. M., P. Eggleton, A. Manica, K. M. Yusah and W. A. Foster. 2015. Experimentally testing and assessing the predictive power of species assembly rules for tropical canopy ants. Ecology Letters 18: 254-262.
Folgarait, P. J. 1998. Ant biodiversity and its relationship to ecosystem functioning: a review. Biodiversity and Conservation 7: 1221-144.
Fontenla, J.L. 1993. Composición y estructura de comunidades de hormigas en un sistema de formaciones vegetales costeras. Poeyana 441: 1-19.
Fontenla, J.L. and L. Matienzo. 2011. Hormigas invasoras y vagabundas de Cuba. Fitosanidad 15: 253-259.
Fontenla, J.L. and J. Alfonso-Simonetti. 2018. Classification of Cuban ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) into functional groups. Poeyana 506: 21-30.
Franken, E.P. and T.R.J. Gasnier. 2010. Applicability of the ant mosaic theory on floor litter in a forest of Central Amazon, Brasil. Entomotropica 25: 37-42.
García-Martínez, M.A., D.L. Martínez-Tlapa, R. Pérez-Toledo, L.N. Quiroz-Robledo, G. Castaño-Meneses, J. Laborde and J.E. Valenzuela-González. 2015. Taxonomic, species and functional group diversity of ants in a tropical anthropogenic landscape. Tropical Conservation Science 8: 1017-1032.
Gotelli, N.J. and G.L. Entsminger. 2012. EcoSim 7.72. Acquired Intelligence, Inc. Available in http://www.uvm.edu/~ngotelli/EcoSim/EcoSim.html. Last access: September 17 of 2019.
Hammer, Ø., D.A.T. Harper y P. D. Ryan. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis. Paleontologia Electronica 4(1): 9 pp.
Holway, D.A., L. Lach, A.V. Suarez, N.D. Tsutsui and J. Ted. 2002. The causes and consequences of ant invasions. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33: 181-233.
Jost, L. 2010. The relation between evenness and diversity. Diversity 2: 207-232.
Kwong, T.S., C.M. Lee and J.H. Sung. 2014. Diversity decrease of ant (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) after a forest disturbance: different responses among functional guilds. Zoological Studies 53: 1-11.
Miravete, V., N. Roura-Pascual, V. Dunn and R.R. Gómez. 2014. How many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world? Biological Letter 10: 20140518. Dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0518.
Newton, J.S., J. Glasier and H.E. Footti. 2011. Ants and subterranean Sternorrhyncha in a native grassland in east-central Alberta, Canada. Canadian Entomologists 143: 518-523.
Novak, M.J., W. Moore and R. Leidy. 2011. Nestedness patterns and the dual nature of community reassembly in California streams: a multivariate permutation-based approach. Global Change Biology 17: 3714-3723.
Olivier, B., J. Orgeas, F. Torre and E. Provost. 2014. Competitive dominance in the organization of Mediterranean ant communities. Ecological Entomology 39: 595- 602.
Podani, J. and D. Schmera.2016. Once again on the components of pairwise beta diversity. Ecological Informatics 32: 63-68.
Ricardo, N., P.B. Herrera, F. Cejas, J. A. Bastard and T. Regalado. 2009. Tipos y características de las formaciones vegetales de Cuba. Acta Botánica Cubana 203: 1-42.
Ricotta, C. and S. Pavoine. 2015. A multiple-site dissimilarity measure for species presence/absence data and its relationship with nestedness and turnover. Ecological Indicators 54: 203-206.
Rivas, S.P., H. Carrillo-Ruiz, A. Bonilla, D.M. Figueroa-Castro and A.R. Andrés-Hernández. 2014. Effect of disturbance on the ant community in a semiarid region of central Mexico. Applied Ecological Environmental Research 12: 703-716.
Rojas, P., C. Fragoso and W.P. Mackay. 2014. Ant Communities along a Gradient of Plant Succession in Mexican Tropical Coastal Dunes. Sociobiology 61: 119-132.
Roura-Pascual, N., N.J. Sanders and C. Hui. 2016. The distribution and diversity of insular ants. Do exotic species play by different rules? Global Ecology and Biogeography 25: 642-654.
Sanders, N.J., N. J. Gotelli, S.E. Whittman, J.S. Tarchford, A.M. Ellison and E.S. Jules. 2007. Assembly rules of ground-foraging ant assemblages are contingent on disturbance, habitat and spatial scale. Journal of Biogeography 34: 1632-1641.
Santos, M.N., J.H.C. Delabie and J.M. Queiroz. 2019. Biodiversity conservation in urban parks: a study of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Rio de Janeiro City. Urban Ecosystems doi.org/10.1007/s11252-019-00872-8.
Silva, L.C., R.M. Souza, R.R. Solar, C. de Siqueira and F. Neves. 2017. Ant diversity in Brazilian tropical dry forests across multiple vegetation domains. Environmental Research Letter 12: 035002.
Tonial, M.L., S.H. Silva, I.J. Tonial, M.C. Costa, N.J. Silva and J.A. Diniz-Filho. 2012. Geographical patterns and partition of turnover and richness components of beta-diversity in faunas from Tocantins river valley. Brazilian Journal of Biology 72: 497-504.
Ulrich, W. 2008. Pairs – a FORTRAN program for studying pair-wise species associations in ecological matrices. Version 1.0. Available in www.uni.torun.pl/~ulrichw. Last access: September 17 of 2019
Ulrich, W. 2010. NODF– a FORTRAN program for nestedness analysis Version 1.0 [Unpublished]. Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru?. 9 pp.
Ulrich, W. and N.J. Gotelli. 2007. Disentangling community patterns of nestedness and species co-occurrence. Oikos 116: 2053-2061.
Ulrich, W., M. Almeida-Neto y N.J. Gotelli. 2009. A consumer’s guide to nestedness analysis. Oikos 118: 3-17.
Ulrich, W., M. Zalewski and A. Uvarov. 2012. Spatial distribution and species co-occurrence in soil invertebrate and plant communities on northern taiga islands. Annals Zoological Fennici 49: 161-173.
Underwood, E.C. and B.L. Fisher. 2006. The role of ants in conservation monitoring: If, when and how. Biological Conservation 132: 166-182.
Wauters, N., F. Dekoninck, H. Hendrickx, W. Herrera and D. Fournier. 2016. Habitat association and coexistence of endemic and introduced ant species in the Galápagos Islands. Ecological Entomology 41: 40-50.
Wetterer, J.K. 2012. Worldwide spread of the African big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 17: 51-62.
Wetterer, J.K. 2015. Geographic origin and spread of cosmopolitanants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Halteres 6: 66-78.
Widhiono, I.R., D. Pamdhani, D.E. Riwidiharso, S. Santoso and L. Prayoga. 2017. Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity as bioindicator of agroecosystem health in northern slope of Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1475.1480.
Wittman, S.E. and N.J. Gotelli. 2011. Predicting community structure of ground-foraging ant assemblages with Markov models of behavioral dominance. Oecologia 166: 207-2019.
Xerdá, X., E.S. Angulo and S. Caut. 2011. Ant community structure on a small Pacific island: only one native species living with the invaders Dugesiana 17: 113-124.
Álvarez, A. and N. Ricardo. 2011. Flora y vegetación de Playas del Este, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba II. La vegetación de las dunas. Acta Botánica Cubana 210: 35-44.
Armbrecht, I. and P. Ulloa-Chacon. 2003. The Little Fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as a Diversity Indicator of Ants in Tropical Dry Forest Fragments of Colombia. Environmental Entomology 32: 542-547.
Bharti, H., M. Bharti and M. Pfeiffer. 2016. Ants as bioindicators of ecosystem health in Shivalik Mountains of Himalayas: assesment of species diversity and invasive species. Asian Myrmecology 8: 1-15.
Bertelsmeier, C. A., O. Avril, H. Blight, H. Jourdan and F. Courchamp. 2015a. Discovery-dominance trade-off among invasive ant species. Ecology and Evolution 5: 2673-2683.
Bertelsmeier, C. A., O. Avril, A. Bilgth, L. Confais, H. Diez, J. Jourdan, N. Orivel and F. Courchamp. 2015b. Different behavioral strategies among seven highly invasive ant species. Biological Invasions 17: 2491-2503.
Bertelsmeier, C., O. Bligth and F. Courchamp. 2016. Invasions of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in light of global change. Myrmecological News 22: 25-42.
Brandão, C.R.F., R.R. Silva, and J.H.C. Delabie. 2012. Neotropical ants (Hymenoptera) functional groups: nutritional and applied implications Pp. 213-236. In: Insect bioecology and nutrition for integrated pest management (A. R. Panizzi, J. R. P. Parra, Eds.). CRC, Boca Raton.
Camarota, F., S. A. Powell, S. Mello, G. R. Priest, J. Marquis and H. L. Vascocelos. 2016. Co-occurrence patterns in a diverse arboreal ant community are explained more by competition than habitat requirements Ecology and Evolution 6: 8907–8918.
Castracani, C., Spoutti F. A. and Grasso D. A. 2014. A new exception to the dominance-discovery trade-off rule in ant communities. Journal of Zoology 97: 171-175.
Chao, A. and T.J. Shen. 2009. Program Spade (Species prediction and diversity estimation). Available in http://chao.stat.nthu.edu.tw/software. Last access: September 17 of 2019.
Chen, X., B. Adams, C. Bergeron, A. Sabo and L. Hooper-Bui. 2015. Ant community structure and response to disturbances on coastal dunes of Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Insect Conservation 19: 1-13.
Chen, X., B. Adams, A. Sabo, T. Crupi and L. Hooper-Bui. 2016. Ant assemblages and co-occurrence patterns in Cypress-Tupelo Swamp. Wetlands DOI 10.1007/s13157-016-0795-y.
Croc, S., J. H. C. Delabie, F. Fernández, M. Leponce, J. Oribel, R. Silvestre, H. S. Vasconcelos and A. Dejean. 2014. Leaf-litter ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a pristine Guianese rainforest: stable functional structure versus high species turnover. Myrmecological News 19: 43-51.
Cupul-Magaña, F. G. 2006. Registro de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en un remanente de dunas costeras de Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México. Ciencia y Mar X: 25-31.
Del Toro, I., R. R Silva and A. M. Ellison. 2015. Predicted impacts of climatic change on ant functional diversity and distributions in Eastern North American forests. Diversity and Distribution 21: 781-791.
Fayle, T. M., P. Eggleton, A. Manica, K. M. Yusah and W. A. Foster. 2015. Experimentally testing and assessing the predictive power of species assembly rules for tropical canopy ants. Ecology Letters 18: 254-262.
Folgarait, P. J. 1998. Ant biodiversity and its relationship to ecosystem functioning: a review. Biodiversity and Conservation 7: 1221-144.
Fontenla, J.L. 1993. Composición y estructura de comunidades de hormigas en un sistema de formaciones vegetales costeras. Poeyana 441: 1-19.
Fontenla, J.L. and L. Matienzo. 2011. Hormigas invasoras y vagabundas de Cuba. Fitosanidad 15: 253-259.
Fontenla, J.L. and J. Alfonso-Simonetti. 2018. Classification of Cuban ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) into functional groups. Poeyana 506: 21-30.
Franken, E.P. and T.R.J. Gasnier. 2010. Applicability of the ant mosaic theory on floor litter in a forest of Central Amazon, Brasil. Entomotropica 25: 37-42.
García-Martínez, M.A., D.L. Martínez-Tlapa, R. Pérez-Toledo, L.N. Quiroz-Robledo, G. Castaño-Meneses, J. Laborde and J.E. Valenzuela-González. 2015. Taxonomic, species and functional group diversity of ants in a tropical anthropogenic landscape. Tropical Conservation Science 8: 1017-1032.
Gotelli, N.J. and G.L. Entsminger. 2012. EcoSim 7.72. Acquired Intelligence, Inc. Available in http://www.uvm.edu/~ngotelli/EcoSim/EcoSim.html. Last access: September 17 of 2019.
Hammer, Ø., D.A.T. Harper y P. D. Ryan. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis. Paleontologia Electronica 4(1): 9 pp.
Holway, D.A., L. Lach, A.V. Suarez, N.D. Tsutsui and J. Ted. 2002. The causes and consequences of ant invasions. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33: 181-233.
Jost, L. 2010. The relation between evenness and diversity. Diversity 2: 207-232.
Kwong, T.S., C.M. Lee and J.H. Sung. 2014. Diversity decrease of ant (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) after a forest disturbance: different responses among functional guilds. Zoological Studies 53: 1-11.
Miravete, V., N. Roura-Pascual, V. Dunn and R.R. Gómez. 2014. How many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world? Biological Letter 10: 20140518. Dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0518.
Newton, J.S., J. Glasier and H.E. Footti. 2011. Ants and subterranean Sternorrhyncha in a native grassland in east-central Alberta, Canada. Canadian Entomologists 143: 518-523.
Novak, M.J., W. Moore and R. Leidy. 2011. Nestedness patterns and the dual nature of community reassembly in California streams: a multivariate permutation-based approach. Global Change Biology 17: 3714-3723.
Olivier, B., J. Orgeas, F. Torre and E. Provost. 2014. Competitive dominance in the organization of Mediterranean ant communities. Ecological Entomology 39: 595- 602.
Podani, J. and D. Schmera.2016. Once again on the components of pairwise beta diversity. Ecological Informatics 32: 63-68.
Ricardo, N., P.B. Herrera, F. Cejas, J. A. Bastard and T. Regalado. 2009. Tipos y características de las formaciones vegetales de Cuba. Acta Botánica Cubana 203: 1-42.
Ricotta, C. and S. Pavoine. 2015. A multiple-site dissimilarity measure for species presence/absence data and its relationship with nestedness and turnover. Ecological Indicators 54: 203-206.
Rivas, S.P., H. Carrillo-Ruiz, A. Bonilla, D.M. Figueroa-Castro and A.R. Andrés-Hernández. 2014. Effect of disturbance on the ant community in a semiarid region of central Mexico. Applied Ecological Environmental Research 12: 703-716.
Rojas, P., C. Fragoso and W.P. Mackay. 2014. Ant Communities along a Gradient of Plant Succession in Mexican Tropical Coastal Dunes. Sociobiology 61: 119-132.
Roura-Pascual, N., N.J. Sanders and C. Hui. 2016. The distribution and diversity of insular ants. Do exotic species play by different rules? Global Ecology and Biogeography 25: 642-654.
Sanders, N.J., N. J. Gotelli, S.E. Whittman, J.S. Tarchford, A.M. Ellison and E.S. Jules. 2007. Assembly rules of ground-foraging ant assemblages are contingent on disturbance, habitat and spatial scale. Journal of Biogeography 34: 1632-1641.
Santos, M.N., J.H.C. Delabie and J.M. Queiroz. 2019. Biodiversity conservation in urban parks: a study of ground-dwelling ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Rio de Janeiro City. Urban Ecosystems doi.org/10.1007/s11252-019-00872-8.
Silva, L.C., R.M. Souza, R.R. Solar, C. de Siqueira and F. Neves. 2017. Ant diversity in Brazilian tropical dry forests across multiple vegetation domains. Environmental Research Letter 12: 035002.
Tonial, M.L., S.H. Silva, I.J. Tonial, M.C. Costa, N.J. Silva and J.A. Diniz-Filho. 2012. Geographical patterns and partition of turnover and richness components of beta-diversity in faunas from Tocantins river valley. Brazilian Journal of Biology 72: 497-504.
Ulrich, W. 2008. Pairs – a FORTRAN program for studying pair-wise species associations in ecological matrices. Version 1.0. Available in www.uni.torun.pl/~ulrichw. Last access: September 17 of 2019
Ulrich, W. 2010. NODF– a FORTRAN program for nestedness analysis Version 1.0 [Unpublished]. Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru?. 9 pp.
Ulrich, W. and N.J. Gotelli. 2007. Disentangling community patterns of nestedness and species co-occurrence. Oikos 116: 2053-2061.
Ulrich, W., M. Almeida-Neto y N.J. Gotelli. 2009. A consumer’s guide to nestedness analysis. Oikos 118: 3-17.
Ulrich, W., M. Zalewski and A. Uvarov. 2012. Spatial distribution and species co-occurrence in soil invertebrate and plant communities on northern taiga islands. Annals Zoological Fennici 49: 161-173.
Underwood, E.C. and B.L. Fisher. 2006. The role of ants in conservation monitoring: If, when and how. Biological Conservation 132: 166-182.
Wauters, N., F. Dekoninck, H. Hendrickx, W. Herrera and D. Fournier. 2016. Habitat association and coexistence of endemic and introduced ant species in the Galápagos Islands. Ecological Entomology 41: 40-50.
Wetterer, J.K. 2012. Worldwide spread of the African big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News 17: 51-62.
Wetterer, J.K. 2015. Geographic origin and spread of cosmopolitanants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Halteres 6: 66-78.
Widhiono, I.R., D. Pamdhani, D.E. Riwidiharso, S. Santoso and L. Prayoga. 2017. Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) diversity as bioindicator of agroecosystem health in northern slope of Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1475.1480.
Wittman, S.E. and N.J. Gotelli. 2011. Predicting community structure of ground-foraging ant assemblages with Markov models of behavioral dominance. Oecologia 166: 207-2019.
Xerdá, X., E.S. Angulo and S. Caut. 2011. Ant community structure on a small Pacific island: only one native species living with the invaders Dugesiana 17: 113-124.